Pdf theories of ethnocentrism and their implications for. Discussion focuses on the value of relative size and optimal distinctiveness, and when membership trust. Identity as a foundation for human resource development. Using optimal distinctiveness theory to understand. We found support for the optimal distinctiveness theory odt prediction that there is a curvilinear relationship between identification and optimal distinctiveness needs satisfaction. Subjective uncertainty reduction theory describes the reassurance provided by group norms. A model of optimal distinctiveness is proposed in which social identity is viewed as a reconciliation of opposing needs for assimilation and differentiation from others.
Optimal distinctiveness and identification with the furry. Study 1 analyzes objective and selfreport behavioural indicators from a representative sample of 2,624 1821 year olds. Conversely, theories of distinctiveness suggest that standing out from the crowd should be beneficial. The aim of this study was to color forecast smartphone cases using trickle down theory and optimal distinctiveness theory to determine possible socialpsychological meanings associated with selected trending smartphone case colors. Public personnel management is diversity management. Utilizing brewers 1991, 2003 theory of optimal distinctiveness to examine the stories of participants, it was found that these fans maintained their team allegiances over time because doing so allowed them to achieve feelings of both uniqueness and belongingness. Optimal distinctiveness theory is about social identityhow people come to define themselves in terms of their social group memberships. According to optimal distinctiveness theory, minority political parties and parties of intermediate size provide more central and important bases of social identity. Optimal distinctiveness signals membership trust geoffrey j.
Optimal distinctiveness theory is a model of the motivations underlying. Optimal control, control systems, state space collection folkscanomy. Balancing the need to be me with the need to be we. According to optimal distinctiveness theory brewer 1991 people have two opposing fundamental needs that they strive to retain in balanceassimilation and similarity with others i. Attaining optimal distinctivenesspositive stakeholder perceptions about a firms strategic position that reconciles competing demands for differentiation and conformityhas been an important focal point for scholarship at the interface of strategic management and institutional theory. We argue for a renewed research agenda that draws on recent developments in institutional theory to conceptualize organizational environments as more multiplex.
The advent of media and technology has led to growing inclination among generation y geny consumers towards diverse fashion influences and they tend to dress either to fit in with their peers or to articulate selfidentity and conform to the society. In social identity theory, identities are social, shared and internalized, but not personified or unitary. Optimal distinctiveness is a social psychological theory seeking to understand ingroupoutgroup differences. Smartphone cases have become trendy personal statements. The relation between ethnic classroom composition and. The social identity theory, developed by social psychologist henri tajfel 1978. By conceptualizing topic modeling as the process of rendering constructs and conceptual relationships from textual data, we demonstrate how this new method can advance management. The present study investigated whether predictions made by optimal distinctiveness theory brewer, 1991 could be moderated by individual differences in.
Subgroup differentiation as a response to an overly. Brewer, 1991 have been used to advance the concept of oib. Brewer, 1991, 1993a,b argues that people can respond to membership of an overly inclusive group by engaging in a drive for subgroup distinctiveness. View optimal distinctiveness theory research papers on academia. The intellectual ancestry of optimal distinctiveness theory.
Optimal distinctiveness, values, and uncertainty orientation. One explanation is what psychologists call optimal distinctiveness theory the way were constantly jockeying to feel exactly the right degree of similarity to and difference from those. Lending support to odt, a curvilinear relation between the share of sameethnicity classmates and students ethnic pride was found in a crosssectional analysis, with ethnic pride peaking in. In experiment 2, participants also preferred joining minorities over more powerful majorities. We want to be an individual within a group, to be different but not too different. An increasing body of cultural entrepreneurship research highlights an optimal distinctiveness tradeoff. At the heart of optimal distinctiveness theory is the idea that a groups level of inclusiveness is a significant determinant of how well that group can meet members needs for assimilation and differentiation. Confused with social identity theory, social comparison theory, and optimal distinctiveness theory. While no unified theory of inclusion exists, social identity theory tajfel, 1978, 2010, social comparison theory festinger, 1954.
Both effects occurred only when minorities were 20% rather than 45%. Role of team transformational leadership and workplace. Optimal distinctiveness theory optimal distinctiveness theory was developed to fill a gap in extant theories of social identity. First, building on brewers 2012 idea that some people are more sensitive to optimal distinctiveness, we argue that older individuals are less reliant on proximal groups e. This trend has become a fashion dilemma and the purpose of this paper is to leverage on this matter by investigating the factors influencing. Start studying social psychology and human nature 4e chapter 14. In this chapter, we suggest how optimal distinctiveness theory brewer, 1991 could be applied to hrd. The original statements of social identity theory tajfel, 1981 and the subsequent development of selfcategorization theory turner et al. Optimal distinctiveness is a social psychological theory seeking to understand. Optimal distinctiveness theory in social psychology. The present study investigated whether predictions made by optimal distinctiveness theory brewer, 1991 could be moderated by individual differences in uncertainty orientation, and whether optimal distinctiveness has implications for how people perceive their values relative to comparison groups.
Public personnel management is diversity management the. The authors tested that prediction in a sample of voters and a sample of political party members. Optimal distinctiveness theory posits that highly valued groups are those that can simultaneously satisfy needs to belong and to be different. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the moderating role of workplace spirituality ws in the relationship between team transformational leadership ttl and team viability tv under the theoretical lens of the theory of optimal distinctiveness of identities. We develop a set of provocations that challenge the validity of traditional neoinstitutionalism in. In studies 2 and 3, interactive effects of the extent to which groups satisfy assimilation and differentiation needs groups are either too small, of moderate. It was hypothesized that certaintyoriented persons, compared to uncertainty. Pdf grimes, matthew, trent williams, and eric yanfei zhao 2020 beyond hybridity. It asserts that individuals desire to attain an optimal balance of inclusion and distinctiveness within and between social groups and situations brewer, 2003.
The effect of uniform virtual appearance on conformity. Apr 25, 2015 we examined perceptions of optimal distinctiveness in the furry fandom and the relationship between this perception and identification with the furry fandom. According to theory, we all have a need for self esteem, which fuels motivational and cognitive biases in social perception aimed at feeling good about ourselves. The theory of optimal distinctiveness is a theory of the motivational underpinnings of group identification which holds that group identities are selected and maintained to help the individual achieve a balance between the need for inclusion and the need for differentiation from others. The concept of loyalty is contrasted with filial piety with reference to the optimal distinctiveness theory. That both of these statements are true is the basis for marilynn brewers theory of optimal distinctiveness, which helps explain why people join social groups and become so attached to the social categories they are part of. Optimal distinctiveness theory membership to groups creates equilibrium between needs.
The social consequences of practicing confucian ethics for ordinary people in the agricultural society of traditional china are illustrated with feis 1948 concept of differential structure and f. Optimal distinctiveness theory odt one existing theory that can potentially be applied to explain how individuals might balance these competing motives is optimal distinctiveness theory odt. Using marilyn brewers optimal distinctiveness theory odt as a framework, this article examines how prince negotiated his social identity as an integral part of two worldsafrican americans and the music industry while standing apart from both. According to this model, individuals avoid selfconstruals that are either too personalized or too inclusive and instead define themselves in terms of distinctive category. Social identity theory uses optimal distinctiveness to explain the tension between identity attributes that contribute to perceived difference and attributes that support claims to group membership. Badea, jetten, czukor, and askevisleherpeux 2010, however, did show that individuals prefer groups that are moderate in size, partly consistent with optimal distinctiveness, unless these participants felt this collective was threatened. Social psychology and human nature 4e chapter 14 quizlet. Digital identity and the construction of distinctiveness. Optimal distinctiveness theory by lucy boyd on prezi. Social identification among political party voters and. The case of optimal distinctiveness theory cynthia l. Optimal distinctiveness applied to trending smartphone case. Broadening the interface between institutional theory and strategic management.
Pdf download for optimal distinctiveness signals membership trust. Confused with social identity theory, social comparison. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. As human resource development hrd research and practice has flourished, researchers have called for new theoretical perspectives that might be brought to bear on increasing the effectiveness of hrd initiatives e. Pdf optimal distinctiveness theory odt, a psychological theory about fundamental needs, postulates that people. Jan 21, 2020 how do new ventures gain legitimacy and attract critical resources. Sherman, and jeffrey schank researchers studying social identity and intergroup relations have traditionally approached group behavior as an interaction between the individual, the group, and the social context in which the individual.
Increasingly, management researchers are using topic modeling, a new method borrowed from computer science, to reveal phenomenonbased constructs and grounded conceptual relationships in textual data. A framework for social identity, social cognition, and intergroup relations. May 20, 2010 social identity theory tajfel and turner, 1979 slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Theories of ethnocentrism and their implications for peacebuilding. Agentbased modeling as a tool for studying social identity processes. Individuals engage in greater relational identification when made to feel. Leonardelli, pickett, joseph and hess integrate brewers 1991 optimal distinctiveness theory with the nested categorical context typically descriptive of an organizations internal structure, where individuals belong to groups subgroups nested. The effect of uniform virtual appearance on conformity intention.
Strongly influenced by ernest beckers work, terror management theory is the study of how humans cope not with the. Optimal distinctiveness theory research papers academia. Complications to optimal distinctiveness theory the effect of threat on optimal distinctiveness. It asserts that individuals desire to achieve an optimal balance of inclusion and distinctiveness within and between social groups and as a result, are most likely. Author links open overlay panel junghyun kim a hee sun park b. These two motives are in constant opposition with each other. Although odt focuses primarily on how individual motives impact the navigation of group memberships, it also. We want to be distinctive to a certain degree, but we want to be in a group as well.
Optimal distinctiveness theory describes the balance between autonomy and belonging. Pdf is optimal distinctiveness theory useful for increasing. The most cognitive features of these theories are ingroup favoritism rewarding the ingroup relative to the outgroup and perceived homogeneity of outgroups most of the. In both studies, perceptions of optimal distinctiveness mediated effects. Characterizing drug nonusers as distinctive in prevention. In this paper, we challenge the underlying assumption that. Accounting for the values complexity of all organizations in the study of mission and mission drift. Selfidentified furries n 2998 completed measures of optimal distinctiveness that included felt inclusionbelongingness with the fandom and a measure of perceived group distinctiveness from other groups. Social identity model of deindividuation effects and optimal distinctiveness theory. The theory of optimal distinctiveness has been extended by research on the mechanisms through which need arousal influences individual group identification. According to optimal distinctiveness theory, sufficiently small minority. How do new ventures gain legitimacy and attract critical resources.
Optimal distinctiveness theory definition everyone needs to belong. Predictions derived from optimal distinctiveness theory odt were tested among to 14yearold ethnic majority and minority students n 1,123. Unlimited viewing of the articlechapter pdf and any associated supplements and figures. Zhao, eric yanfei, and mary ann glynn 2020 optimal distinctiveness. Institutional theory in the study of multinational. Sage reference optimal distinctiveness theory dois. Optimal distinctiveness theory proposed by brewer 1991. Using profiles, we explore how the text similarity between a. Optimal distinctiveness applied to trending smartphone case colors. This paper was motivated by the growing interest of scholars of multinational corporations mncs in the institutional perspective. Jun 24, 2016 one explanation is what psychologists call optimal distinctiveness theory the way were constantly jockeying to feel exactly the right degree of similarity to and difference from those. To test this, 280 subgroup members humanities and maths. They balance these needs in ways consistent with optimal distinctiveness theory.
Generation y consumers buying behaviour in fashion. Sep 26, 2017 prince has left an indelible mark on the hearts and minds of people everywhere, not only in the usa but also globally. The theory states that individuals do not only have a desire for similarity in a group. Agentbased modeling as a tool for studying social identity. We examined perceptions of optimal distinctiveness in the furry fandom and the relationship between this perception and identification with the furry fandom. In a world of increasing global mobility, we investigate how feelings of cultural distinctivenessfeelings of being different and separated from the surrounding cultural environmentinfluence consumers preferences for brands that symbolize a related cultural group i. Building on their definition, the authors then present a framework of inclusion. Creates strong sense of social identity and group loyalty.
The role of optimal distinctiveness and homophily in online. Optimal distinctiveness theory odt and selfcategorization theory hold that association with moderately distinctive, rather than general or unique, social categories should be more central to selfconception. Departing from existing work on inclusion and complementing this with theoretical insights from optimal distinctiveness theory and self. Optimal distinctiveness theory dr simon moss sicotests. Optimal distinctiveness theory the third main perspective that is relevant for the current work, the optimal distinctiveness theory brewer, 1991, nicely integrates the previous perspectives. Broadening the interface between institutional theory and strategic management article pdf available in strategic management journal 381.
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